Discovering the Volcanic Plains of Western Victoria
Western Victoria’s landscape has been profoundly shaped by volcanic activity, leaving behind an expansive and distinctive terrain. The Victorian Volcanic Plains once covered 2.3 million hectares of southwest Victoria, but less than one percent of these grasslands remain due to extensive agricultural clearing since European settlement.
This region is one of Australia’s 15 biodiversity hotspots, supporting over 25 nationally threatened species and a variety of endangered and vulnerable vegetation communities. The grasslands hold significant cultural value for Aboriginal people.
The volcanic features of southwest Victoria include flat to undulating basaltic plains, stony rises, old lava flows, and numerous volcanic cones. These features create a unique visual landscape characterised by expansive skies and volcanic rises that mark the horizon. Early European settlers found the land suitable for agriculture due to its minimal tree cover. To shield crops and livestock from the prevalent winds, shelterbelts of cypress and pine were planted, which have now become a notable feature of the region.
The area is also known for its beautiful lakes and wetlands, which vary from broad and shallow to saline, brackish, or fresh water. Some wetlands are RAMSAR-listed and hold international significance. Dry stone walls, constructed by early pastoralists to clear rocks and manage livestock, are a common sight along paddocks and roadsides.
Among the prominent features is Lake Corangamite, the largest inland lake in Victoria, formed by volcanic activity blocking creek and river valleys. The water in these lakes ranges from fresh to saline, with volcanic maars often displaying striking blue or green hues due to high mineral concentrations. Major rivers in the region include the Hopkins, Glenelg, and Barwon, while marshy areas and seasonal creeks add to the landscape’s diversity.
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