Bicentennial National Trail (5,330km)

The Bicentennial National Trail (BNT), formerly known as the National Horse Trail, is one of the longest multi-use, non-motorised trails in the world, stretching 5,330 kilometres from Cooktown in Queensland to Healesville in Victoria, just north-east of Melbourne. Following the spine of the Great Dividing Range, the trail winds through national parks, private properties, and remote wilderness areas, linking landscapes that range from tropical rainforests to alpine meadows, rugged mountains to expansive dry plains. The route incorporates old coach roads, stock routes, brumby tracks, riverbanks, and fire trails, offering a rich and varied journey through Australia’s diverse terrain.

Originally conceived as a long-distance route for horse trekkers, the BNT has since gained popularity among walkers and cyclists, though some sections remain challenging for these activities. Where possible, the trail follows the paths once travelled by pioneers, mail couriers, and stockmen, providing a tangible link to Australia’s past. Along its course, it passes through historic townships, past heritage sites, and alongside relics of Australia’s pastoral and gold rush eras. More than just a physical journey, the BNT offers a deep connection to the country’s history and natural beauty.

The landscapes along the trail are as varied as they are spectacular. In the north, the BNT meanders through lush tropical rainforests teeming with birdlife before heading south into the drier, more remote inland regions. Further along, the track skirts dramatic escarpments, crosses high-country grazing lands, and dips into deep river valleys before climbing into the snow-capped peaks of the Australian Alps. This diversity not only makes for an ever-changing backdrop but also ensures that each section of the trail offers a unique experience.

Few travellers attempt the entire length in one continuous journey, and most choose to explore shorter sections suited to their interests and abilities. The trail is divided into 12 segments, each spanning 400 to 500 kilometres, with a corresponding guidebook that provides essential information. These guides include sketch maps for general reference, though more detailed topographic maps are recommended for accurate navigation. While the guidebooks contain practical advice, much of it remains tailored to horse riders, with limited detail for walkers or cyclists.

The Bicentennial National Trail was first envisioned by the Australian Trail Horse Riders Association, which spent years planning and negotiating access. The vision faced numerous hurdles, particularly due to restrictions on horses within wilderness areas and certain national parks. Progress remained uncertain until 1985, when the project gained official recognition as part of Australia’s Bicentennial celebrations. With funding and approval secured, the trail became a reality in 1988, opening up new opportunities for long-distance travel through some of Australia’s most remote and beautiful regions. Since then, it has become a treasured resource for horse riders while gradually attracting more walkers and cyclists keen to explore its length.

Access points are numerous, with much of the trail intersecting public roads. Where the route crosses major highways, public transport options may be available, though long-distance walkers generally arrange food drops at one- to two-week intervals using private transport. Planning is essential, particularly for those venturing into the more remote sections where resupply points are sparse and conditions can be harsh.

The trail passes through 18 national parks and more than 50 state forests, offering unparalleled opportunities to experience Australia’s wild landscapes. However, certain restrictions apply—motorised vehicles and trail bikes are prohibited, and pets are not permitted. While permits are not required to travel the BNT, local camping and fire regulations must be observed, particularly during bushfire season. Those setting out should be well-prepared and self-sufficient, ready to navigate the challenges of terrain, weather, and isolation.

For those seeking adventure, solitude, and a deeper understanding of Australia’s landscapes and history, the Bicentennial National Trail remains one of the most rewarding long-distance routes in the world. Whether on horseback, foot, or bike, it offers an ever-changing journey through some of the country’s most spectacular and remote regions, providing an unforgettable experience for those willing to take on the challenge.